Chess Olympiad 1994, in Moscow, Russia

The 31st Chess Olympiad, organized by the Fédération Internationale des Échecs and comprising an open^[1] and women's tournament, took place between November 30 and December 17, 1994, in Moscow, Russia.

Contents  [hide] 1 Chess competition 1.1 Open tournament 1.2 Women's tournament 2 Notes

[edit]Chess competition

Both tournament sections were officiated by international arbiter Yuri Averbakh (RUS). Teams were paired across the 14 rounds of competition according to the Swiss system; the open division was played over four boards per round, whilst the women's was played over three. The time control for each game permitted each player 2 hours to make the first 40 of his or her moves, then an additional 1 hour to make the next 20 moves.

[edit]Open tournament

The open division was contested by 124 teams representing 122 nations and territories; Russia, as hosts, fielded two teams, whilst theInternational Braille Chess Association provided one squad.

[edit]Women's tournament

The women's division was contested by 81 teams representing 79 nations and territories; Russia, as hosts, fielded two teams, whilst theInternational Braille Chess Association entered one squad.

Chess Olympiad 1996 Yerevan, Armenia

The 32nd Chess Olympiad, organized by the Fédération Internationale des Échecs and comprising an open^[1] and women's tournament, took place between September 15 and October 2, 1996, in Yerevan, Armenia.

Contents  [hide] 1 Chess competition 1.1 Open tournament 1.1.1 Team results 1.1.1.1 Top ten overall finishers 1.2 Women's tournament 1.2.1 Team results 1.2.1.1 Top ten overall finishers 2 Notes

[edit]Chess competition

Both tournament sections were officiated by international arbiter Alesha Khachatrian (ARM). Teams were paired across the 14 rounds of competition according to the Swiss system; the open division was played over four boards per round, and the women's was played over three. The time control for each game permitted each player 2 hours to make the first 40 of his or her moves, then an additional 1 hour to make the next 20 moves.

[edit]Open tournament

The open division was contested by 114 teams representing 111 nations and territories; Armenia, as hosts, fielded three teams, and theInternational Braille Chess Association provided one squad.

[edit]Team results

The teams finishing first through third overall receive medals, as do those finishing in the top three amongst teams organized by seed; overall medal winners are not eligible to receive group prizes.

[edit]Top ten overall finishers

Place of finish[2]	Team	Players[3][4]	Seed[5]	Average July1996 FIDErating[6]	Matches won	Matches drawn	Matches lost	Total score[7]
First	Russia	Garry Kasparov, Vladimir Kramnik, Alexey Dreev, Peter Svidler, Evgeny Bareev, Sergei Rublevsky	1	2714	12	2	0	38½
Second	Ukraine	Vasyl Ivanchuk, Vladimir Malaniuk, Oleg Romanishin, Igor Novikov, Alexander Onischuk, Stanislav Savchenko	4	2633	10	4	0	35
Third	United States of America	Boris Gulko, Alex Yermolinsky, Nick De Firmian, Gregory Kaidanov, Joel Benjamin, Larry Christiansen	9	2595	8	3	3	34
Fourth	England	Nigel Short, Michael Adams, Jonathan Speelman, Matthew Sadler, Julian Hodgson, Stuart Conquest	2	2655	10	3	1	34
Fifth	Armenia 'A'	Vladimir Akopian, Rafael Vaganian, Smbat Lputian,Artashes Minasian, Ashot Anastasian, Arshak Petrosian	10	2593	7	5	2	33½
Sixth	Spain	Alexei Shirov, Miguel Illescas Córdoba, Jordi Magem Badals, David Garcia Ilundain, Pablo San Segundo Carrillo, Felix Izeta Txabarri	7	2605	9	3	2	33½
Seventh	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Ivan Sokolov, Predrag Nikolic, Bojan Kurajica, Emir Dizdarevic, IM [8] Nedeljko Kelecevic, IM Muhamed Sinanovic	12	2584	6	6	2	33½
Eighth	Georgia	Zurab Azmaiparashvili, Giorgi Giorgadze, Zurab Sturua,Gennadi Zaichik, Lasha Janjgava, IM Khvicha Supatashvili	11	2590	7	4	3	33
Ninth	Bulgaria	Veselin Topalov, Kiril Georgiev, Vasil Spasov, Vladimir Dimitrov, IM Vladimir Georgiev, IM Boris Chatalbashev	5	2619	9	2	3	33
Tenth	Germany	Artur Yusupov, Robert Hübner, Rustem Dautov, Eric Lobron, Jorg Hickl, Christopher Lutz	6	2619	9	1	4	33

[edit]Women's tournament

The women's division was contested by 74 teams representing 72 nations and territories; Armenia, as hosts, fielded two teams, and theInternational Braille Chess Association entered one squad.

[edit]Team results

The teams finishing first through third overall receive medals, as do those finishing in the top three amongst teams organized by seed; overall medal winners are not eligible to receive group prizes.

[edit]Top ten overall finishers

Place of finish [9]	Team	Players [10][11]	Seed[12]	Average July1996 FIDE rating[13]	Matches won	Matches drawn	Matches lost	Total score[14]
First	Georgia	GM [15] Maia Chiburdanidze, IM [8] Nana Ioseliani, IMKetevan Arakhamia-Grant, WGM [16] Nino Gurieli	1	2498	10	4	0	30
Second	People's Republic of China	GM Xie Jun, WGM Zhu Chen, WGM Wang Lei, WGMWang Pin	3	2425	10	1	3	28½
Third	Russia	IM Alisa Galliamova, WGM Svetlana Matveeva, WGMSvetlana Prudnikova, WGM Ludmila Zaitseva	2	2443	8	3	3	28½
Fourth	Ukraine	WGM Inna Gaponenko, WGM Marta Litinskaya, WIM [17]Elena Sedina, WIM Natalia Zhukova	8	2343	6	6	2	26½
Fifth	Hungary	IM Zsofia Polgar, IM Ildikó Mádl, Nora Medvegy, WIMNikoletta Lakos	5	2387	8	3	3	26
Sixth	Romania	WGM Cristina Foisor, WGM Corina Peptan, WGM Elena Luminita Radu-Cosma, WIM Gabriela Olarasu	6	2355	8	3	3	25½
Seventh	Israel	WIM Masha Madl, WGM Anna Segal, Ludmila Tsifanskaya, WFM [18] Ela Pitam	13	2310	7	3	4	25
Eighth	Kazakhstan	WGM Elvira Sakhatova, WIM Fliura Uskova, WIMTamara Girkiyan-Klink, Tatyana Sergeeva	14	2305	9	1	4	24½
Ninth	Poland	WGM Agnieszka Brustman, WGM Monika Bobrowska,WIM Joanna Dworakowska, WFM Marta Zielinska	10	2330	8	2	4	24½
Tenth	England	WGM Susan Lalic, WIM Harriet Hunt, WFM Ruth Sheldon, WGM Jana Bellin	15	2303	7	3	4	24

[edit]Notes

1. ^ Although commonly referred to as the men's division, this section is open to both male and female players.
2. ^ Where teams share the same total score, they are ordered by Buchholz tiebreak scores, calculated by summing the final scores of each opponent played by a given team. It was on the basis of a superior sum of opponents' scores, 448 to 447½, that United States of Americaclaimed third place over England.
3. ^ Players are ordered by board, from first to last, in the same fashion in which they principally played; the fifth and sixth players of each team may have played on higher boards during the Olympiad but played fewer games than the players who primarily occupied the positions.
4. ^ All players are Grandmasters except where a note to the contrary is present.
5. ^ Teams were initially seeded into the Olympiad on the basis of the average Elo rating of the top four players expected to compose each team; for example, the highest-seeded team, Russia, entered the tournament with an average FIDE rating of 2714, while the lowest-seeded team,United States Virgin Islands, fielded no players with international ratings (and was therefore assessed an average rating of 2000).
6. ^ The ratings averaged are those of the top four players expected to compose each team.
7. ^ In as much as the tournament consisted of 14 rounds, with four games played by each team per round, the maximum number of points one team could accumulate was 56.
8. ^ ^a b IM denotes International Master.
9. ^ Where teams share the same total score, they are ordered by Buchholz tiebreak scores, calculated by summing the final scores of each opponent played by a given team. China, for example, was placed ahead of the Russia because China's opponents finished the tournament having scored 347.0 points, while those of the Russia scored 345½.
10. ^ Players are ordered by board, from first to last, in the same fashion in which they principally played; the fourth player on each team will have played on a higher board during the Olympiad but will have played fewer games than the players who primarily occupied the positions.
11. ^ Titles for all FIDE-titled players are provided.
12. ^ Teams were initially seeded into the Olympiad on the basis of the average Elo rating of their expected players; for example, the highest-seeded team, Georgia, entered the tournament with an average FIDE rating of 2498, and the lowest-seeded team, U.S. Virgin Islands, fielded no players with international ratings (and was therefore assessed an average rating of 2000).
13. ^ The ratings averaged are those of the top three players expected to compose each team.
14. ^ In as much as the tournament consisted of 14 rounds, with three games played by each team per round, the maximum number of points one team could accumulate was 42.
15. ^ GM denotes Grandmaster.
16. ^ WGM denotes Woman Grandmaster.
17. ^ WIM denotes Woman International Master.
18. ^ WFM denotes Woman FIDE Master.